H-I-J
H
Hair: When describing a persons
hair in news stories, ask what style the hair is, don't assume. Black
hair comes in a variety of styles and textures. A few include:
afro - Characterized by or being a style of tight curls in a full evenly rounded shape.
bald, shaved - Not synonymous. A
bald man has naturally lost some or all of his hair. A man with a shaved
head chose to have his haircut close to the scalp or completely off,
replicating the bald look.
braids - Traditional style worn
by many African-American girls in which hair is sectioned into parts and
then, in each part, three or more strands of hair are intertwined. Also
known as plaits.
cornrows - Braiding technique close to the head and also known as French braids.
dreadlocks, dreds or locks - Long uncombed twisted, or matted, locks of hair, a style worn originally by Rastafarians.
extensions - Human or synthetic hair used to make a persons existing hair longer. Often used with braiding.
Jheri curl - Chemically treated
curly hair resembling Shirley Temple-like tresses. Other names were
California curl, S-curl, carefree curl and luster curl. Jheri Redding, a
Chicago-based entrepreneur and stylist, created the style in the late
1970s, then produced his own line of hair-care products.
twists - Style in which hair is sectioned into parts and then, in each part, strands of hair are twirled.
weave - Synthetic or human hair added to existing hair or scalp to give one the appearance of a fuller head of hair.
HBCUs: Acronym for historically
black colleges and universities. There are 105 institutions founded
primarily for the education of African Americans, although their
charters are not exclusionary. Most HBCUs are 50 to 100 years old. HBCU
is acceptable on second reference and in headlines.
I
Islam: Youngest of the world's
three major monotheistic religions. Like Judaism and Christianity, its
followers believe in a single deity. Muslims holy book is the Koran,
which, according to Islamic belief, was revealed by Allah (God) to the
prophet Muhammad through an angel in the 7th century in Mecca and
Medina. (See Koran.) Muslims worship in a mosque and their weekly holy
day, equivalent to the Christian Sabbath, is Friday. It is the religion
of about 850 million people worldwide. Although Arabic is the language
of the Koran, not all Arabs are Muslim and not all Muslims are Arabs.
The holiest city in Islam is Mecca, in modern-day Saudi Arabia. Mecca is
the site of the Kaaba, the cube-shaped black rock that is Islam's
holiest shrine. There are a number of sects in Islam, which include
Sunni (the largest) and Shiite (the second-largest).
J
Jack and Jill of America Inc.:
Service-oriented organization founded in 1938 in Philadelphia by Marion
Stubbs Thomas and a group of mothers who wanted to bring black children
together in a nurturing and culturally enriching environment. The group
has more than 8,000 members and is organized into seven regions
nationwide, each with local chapters servicing families and communities.
Spell out the and in title in all references.
Jim Crow: System of laws and
practices that enforced racial segregation and discrimination against
blacks, especially in the South, from late 19th century to the 1960s.
Jim Crow was the name of a routine performed by Daddy Rice, a white
minstrel show entertainer in the 1830s. Rice covered his face with
charcoal paste or burnt cork and sang and danced in caricature of a
silly black person. Jim Crow became a racial epithet and synonymous with
the brutal segregation and disenfranchisement of African Americans.
Journalism organizations:
The Capital Press Club - based in
Washington, established in 1944 to expose black journalists to
newsmakers in government, politics, private and non-profit organizations
when they were denied admittance to the National Press Club and the
White House Press Association. The club is the nation's oldest black
communications association. Its founders, among others, included Alfred
E. Smith, Chicago Daily Defender; J. Hugo Warren, Pittsburgh Courier;
Ralph Matthews Sr., Afro-American Newspapers; Joseph Sewall, Washington
Spotlight; Ric Roberts, Pittsburgh Courier; St. Claire Bourne, New York
Amsterdam News and Herbert Henegan, U.S. Information Agency. The group
sought to improve the status and working conditions of black
journalists.
The Freedom Forum - based in
Arlington, Va., a foundation dedicated to free press and free speech
with newsroom diversity cited among its three priorities; the other two
are the Newseum, an interactive museum under development in Washington
and the First Amendment. The Freedom Forum was established in 1991 under
the direction of founder Allen H. Neuharth as successor to a foundation
started in 1935 by newspaper publisher Frank E. Gannett. The Freedom
Forum is not affiliated with Gannett Co. An endowment of diversified
assets provides its income.
The Maynard Institute - based in
Oakland, Calif., a nonprofit corporation dedicated to expanding
opportunities for minority journalists at U.S. newspapers. It has
trained hundreds of journalists of color in the past 25 years.
Journalist Robert C. Maynard co-founded the Institute for Journalism
Education and it was renamed in December 1993, following his death, the
Robert C. Maynard Institute for Journalism Education.
National Association of Black Journalists (NABJ)
- based in College Park, Md., an organization of journalists, students and
media-related professionals that provides programs and services to and
advocates on behalf of black journalists worldwide. Founded by 44 men
and women on Dec. 12, 1975, in Washington, NABJ is the worlds oldest and
largest organization of journalists of color. Many NABJ members also
belong to one of dozens of affiliated local professional and student
chapters. NABJ is acceptable on second reference.
National Association of Minority Media Executives (NAMME)
- based in Vienna, Va., an organization of news and business-side
managers and executives of color working across all media-related
fields. Formed in 1990 by Carl Morris and Albert Fitzpatrick, who aimed
for people to color to not only climb corporate ladders but into the
executive ranks. NAMME is acceptable on second reference.
National Newspaper Publishers Association (NNPA)
- based in Washington and also known as the Black Press of America, is
federation of more than 200 newspapers serving black communities across
America was initially organized in Chicago in 1940. NNPA is acceptable
on second reference.
Juneteenth: Oldest known
celebration of slavery's ending. From its Galveston, Texas, origin in
1865, the observance of June 19th as black Emancipation Day commemorates
freedom and emphasizes education and achievement. It is a day, a week
and, in some areas, a month marked with celebrations, speakers, picnics
and family gatherings. |
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